1. yellow fever, which is a mosquito-borne viral disease with non-specific flu-like symptoms. In 85% of cases it clears up after about 5 days, however for the other unfortunate 15% of patients the disease bounces back with a vengeance, causing liver and kidney damage and quite possibly leading to death. The liver damage results in yellow skin, hence the name of the disease.
Little can be done once infected, however there is a vaccine against the virus.
2. a species of marine fish that inhabits the eastern coastal waters of the Americas.
Mr Sparkler considered it a parallel case to that of some of our fellows in the West Indies with Yellow Jack. Mrs Sparkler closed her eyes again, and refused to have any consciousness of our fellows of the West Indies, or of Yellow Jack.
Charles Dickens. Dombey and Son (1848)
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"and that doctor there, why, what do he know about seafaring men? I been in places hot as pitch, and mates dropping round with yellow jack, and the blessed land a-heaving like the sea with earthquakes—what do the doctor know of lands like that? [...]"
Robert Louis Stevenson. Treasure Island (1883)
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If you go down again to Liguanca with this fever on you, my dear," she said, "you'll get yellow Jack as soon as you are home again. [...]."
Grant Allen. Strange Stories.
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Not, as in Mexico’s impested clime,
Can Yellow Jack commit recurring crime.
We thank Thee that Thou killest all the time.
Ambrose Bierce. Matter for Gratitude
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he had a big blue runner and a yellow jack
Ernest Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea, p.31 (1952)