1. a tall women's platform shoe of 15th, 16th and 17th century Europe. It was originally designed to protect the wearer from mud but quickly became a fashion statement. The height of the shoe ostensibly boosted the wearer's social standing with the tallest design reaching 20 inches.
2. an obsolete French unit, approximately 250 mL ~= 1 pint
photo: by Rama & the Shoe Museum in Lausanne, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 France license.
Shakespeare joked about the extreme height of the chopines in style in his day by using the word altitude (Hamlet 2.2, the prince greets one of the visiting players – the adolescent boy who would have played the female parts in the all-male troupe – by noting how much "nearer to heaven" the lad had grown since he last saw him "by the altitude of a chopine.")